Set scope, confirm inputs, and earn time to think before coding.
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Before I jump into the solution, I'd like to clarify the scope and constraints.
中文翻译
在开始解题之前,我想先明确一下范围和约束条件。
用途说明
面试最常用的开场白之一。拿到题不要急着写代码,先用这就话争取时间思考,同时展示你严谨的工程思维。
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Before I {action}, I'd like to clarify {topic}.
使用提示: 语气礼貌且专业,表明你不会鲁莽行事。
槽位
action
接下来的动作
jump into the solutionstart codingdesign the schema
topic
需要确认的内容
the scope and constraintsa few edge casesthe input format
变体
Can I ask a few clarifying questions before we start?
更直接的提问方式,适合互动性强的面试官。
I want to make sure I understand the requirements fully before diving in.
更侧重于表达“我想把事情做对”的态度。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Are we optimizing primarily for latency, or should we focus more on throughput?
中文翻译
我们要优先优化延迟,还是更应该关注吞吐量?
用途说明
在系统设计中确认核心指标(KPI)的关键句。这表明你懂得系统设计往往是多目标的权衡,而不是单向优化。
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Are we optimizing primarily for {metric_a}, or should we focus more on {metric_b}?
使用提示: 二选一的问法能帮面试官快速缩小范围,同时也展示了你的专业度。
槽位
metric_a
第一个指标
latencyread availabilityconsistency
metric_b
第二个指标
throughputwrite speedavailability
变体
Which metric is more critical here: latency or throughput?
更简洁,直奔主题。
Should I prioritize user experience (low latency) or system capacity (high throughput)?
带具体业务含义的问法,显得更懂产品。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Just to double-check, can I assume the input fits entirely in memory?
中文翻译
我确认一下,我可以假设输入数据能全部装入内存吗?
用途说明
算法题必问。如果数据量大到无法装入内存,解法会完全不同(如外部排序)。这能防止你走错方向。
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Just to double-check, can I assume {assumption}?
使用提示: 用 'double-check' 显得很细心,而不是不知道。
槽位
assumption
你的假设条件
the input fits entirely in memorythe array is sortedkeys are unique
变体
Is it safe to assume the dataset is small enough for RAM?
用 RAM 替代 memory,更口语化、技术化。
Do we need to handle cases where the data exceeds available memory?
反向提问,询问是否需要处理超出内存的情况。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Could you provide an example of the input and expected output?
用途说明
当你对题目描述感到模糊时,直接要例子是最高效的。例子比文字描述更难产生歧义。
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Could you provide an example of {content}?
使用提示: 礼貌且实用,避免自己瞎猜。
槽位
content
想要例子的部分
the input and expected outputan edge casea typical user flow
变体
Can we walk through a concrete example together?
邀请面试官一起过例子,增加互动感。
It would help to see a sample input/output pair.
陈述句表达需求,稍微更自信一点。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
How should the system handle duplicate requests or invalid data?
用途说明
询问异常处理(Error Handling)和幂等性(Idempotency)。这表明你考虑到了Happy Path之外的情况。
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How should the system handle {edge_case}?
使用提示: 针对具体异常场景提问,显得经验丰富。
槽位
edge_case
异常或边界情况
duplicate requestsinvalid datanetwork timeouts
变体
What is the expected behavior for malformed inputs?
用 'malformed inputs' 显得更专业。
Should we just drop duplicates, or return an error?
给出选项让面试官选,展示你已经思考过解决方案。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Is there a strict limit on the scale, like the number of concurrent users?
用途说明
系统设计中确认QPS/DAU等量级。量级决定架构,问清楚是为了避免“杀鸡用牛刀”或“小马拉大车”。
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Is there a strict limit on {metric}, like {example}?
使用提示: 先问有没有限制,再给个例子引导面试官回答。
槽位
metric
限制指标
the scalelatencystorage
example
具体例子
the number of concurrent users200ms response time5 years of data retention
变体
What scale are we targeting in terms of DAU or QPS?
直接用 DAU/QPS 术语,适合面后端/架构。
Do we need to design for millions of users from day one?
更场景化的问法,探究扩展性需求。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Should I focus on implementing the core logic first and ignore the UI details?
中文翻译
我应该先专注于实现核心逻辑,暂时忽略界面细节吗?
用途说明
前端或全栈面试常用。确认优先级,避免在CSS或布局上浪费宝贵的编码时间。
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Should I focus on {task_a} first and ignore {task_b}?
使用提示: 主动管理时间,展示你懂 MVP(最小可行性产品)思维。
槽位
task_a
首要任务
implementing the core logicgetting the API workingthe happy path
task_b
次要任务
the UI detailserror handling for nowstyling
变体
I'll stick to a basic UI to focus on the functionality, does that sound good?
提出方案并征求同意,比纯提问更主动。
Can we assume the frontend components are already available?
假设资源已就位,专注于拼装逻辑。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Are we allowed to use external libraries, or should I implement this from scratch?
中文翻译
我们允许使用外部库吗,还是我应该从头实现这个功能?
用途说明
避免因为用了 `sort()` 或 `Counter` 而被判违规;也避免因为不用库而显得效率低。
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Are we allowed to use {tool}, or should I {alternative}?
使用提示: 展示你知道这两种途径的区别,把选择权给面试官。
槽位
tool
工具/库
external librariesbuilt-in sorting functionsStandard Template Library
alternative
替代方案
implement this from scratchwrite my own comparatorbuild a custom parser
变体
Is it okay to use the standard library's sort function here?
针对具体函数的询问,更常见。
Do you prefer a custom implementation or leveraging existing tools?
用 'leveraging' 显得更书面、高级一点。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Do we need to support internationalization, or is English sufficient for now?
中文翻译
我们需要支持国际化吗,还是目前只支持英语就够了?
用途说明
产品设计或前端面试中常见的范围界定。这显示了你对全球化产品的思考,即使答案是“否”,问了也加分。
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Do we need to support {feature}, or is {simplification} sufficient?
使用提示: 典型的 Scope 确认,防止过度设计。
槽位
feature
高级特性
internationalizationreal-time updatesdark mode
simplification
简化方案
Englishpollinglight theme
变体
Are we targeting a global audience or just a specific region?
从用户群角度提问,格局更大。
Can we treat strings as ASCII, or do we need Unicode support?
更底层的技术问法,适合算法题。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Does the order of elements in the output matter?
用途说明
算法题常见坑点。如果顺序不重要,可以用 Set 或 Hash Map,效率更高;如果重要,可能得用 Array 或 Linked List。
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Does the {property} of {subject} matter?
使用提示: 简单直接,但这直接影响数据结构的选择。
槽位
property
属性
ordercase sensitivityuniqueness
subject
对象
elements in the outputkeys in the mapthe input strings
变体
Do I need to preserve the original relative order?
专门问“相对顺序”,通常指稳定性(stability)。
Can the result be returned in any order?
最简单的问法,yes/no question。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Before I start, I assume the input array is not sorted, correct?
中文翻译
开始之前,我假设输入数组是未排序的,对吗?
用途说明
排序与否是算法选择的分水岭。已排序可以用二分查找(log n),未排序可能至少需要 O(n)。
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Before I start, I assume {condition}, correct?
使用提示: 与其问“是排序的吗”,不如说“我假设是...对吗”,展示你有预判。
槽位
condition
条件假设
the input array is not sortedthe graph is connectedids are positive integers
变体
Is the input guaranteed to be sorted?
直接询问保证(guarantee),语气稍强。
Can I rely on the data being pre-sorted?
用 'rely on' 表达依赖关系。
Clarifying the ProblemclarificationTechnical Interview
Should we optimize for write-heavy or read-heavy traffic patterns?
中文翻译
我们应该针对写多读少,还是读多写少的流量模式进行优化?
用途说明
数据库选型和缓存策略的核心依据。Read-heavy 适合缓存、读写分离;Write-heavy 适合分片、LSM树数据库。
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Should we optimize for {pattern_a} or {pattern_b} traffic patterns?
使用提示: 展示你知道不同流量模式对应不同架构。
槽位
pattern_a
模式A
write-heavyburstyreal-time
pattern_b
模式B
read-heavyconsistentbatch
变体
Is the system more read-intensive or write-intensive?
用 intensive 替代 heavy,更专业。
What's the expected read-to-write ratio?
询问具体比例,更量化。